Facial fractures
Facial fractures can occur in football following direct head clashes and blows to the face from a fist, arm or elbow (whether accidental or illegal).
Nasal fractures are the most common fractures around the face, and while these usually recovery well, Nasoethmoidal fractures can occur where the injury extends through the ethmoid (these can leak cerebrospinal fluid). Other areas inlcude Zygomatic arch and zygomaticomaxillary (cheek) fractures. Alveolar fractures (above teeth) can cause multiple teeth to become loose.
Surgery for elite NRL, AFL and rugby players is usually a treatment considered more often to ensure stability and a potential earlier return from injury.
The most famous recent case affected James Hird during the 2002 AFL season. One of the most severe facial fractures of recent years affected Richie Barnett of New Zealand, who collided with Wendall Sailor during the Anzac Day rugby league test in 2000 and required surgery which ruled him out for 9 months. Illegal blows causing facial fractures are often dealt with very harshly by the tribunal or judiciary, for example Luke O'Donnell of the West Tigers was suspended for 11 weeks in 2003 as his late tackle broke an opponent's jaw.

Steve Waugh's fractured nose after colliding with Jason Gillespie in Sri Lanka in 1999
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